In space operations, what is a conjunction?

• A. A close approach between two objects requiring avoidance maneuvers.
• B. A type of orbit perturbation caused by atmospheric drag.
• C. A communication protocol for secure channels.
• D. A method of determining onboard power resources.

Answer: (A)

A conjunction in space operations refers to a predicted close approach between two orbiting objects where the chance of collision is non-negligible and may require an avoidance maneuver. Operators perform conjunction assessment to forecast potential meets, using orbital catalogs and miss-distance and probability calculations. If the forecasted risk crosses a defined threshold, planners may plan and execute a collision avoidance maneuver to increase separation on the next pass. This concept is about short‑term encounter risk, not about long-term orbital drift from drag, nor about communication protocols or power resource management.